Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2020 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of childhood death. Despite the startling statistics, it is\nneglected globally as evidenced by treatment and clinical care schemes, mostly extrapolated from\nstudies in adults. The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate a reconstitutable dry\nsuspension (RDS) containing isoniazid, a first-line anti-tubercular agent used in the treatment and\nprevention of TB infection in both children and adults. The RDS formulation was prepared by direct\ndispersion emulsification of an aqueous-lipid particulate interphase coupled with lyophilization\nand dry milling. The RDS appeared as a cream-white free-flowing powder with a semi-crystalline\nand microparticulate nature. Isoniazid release was characterized with an initial burst up to 5 min\nfollowed by a cumulative release of 67.88%..................
Abstract: The delivery of nebulized medications to preterm infants during Non-Invasive Ventilation\n(NIV) remains an unmet clinical need. In this regard, the effective delivery of nebulized surfactant\nhas been particularly investigated in preclinical and clinical studies. In this work, we investigated the\nfeasibility of delivering nebulized surfactant through various commercially available nasal prong\ntypes. We first performed a compendial characterization of surfactant aerosols generated by the\neFlow Neos nebulizer, customized to be used in neonates, determining the amount of surfactant\ndelivered by the device as well as the aerodynamic characteristics of surfactant aerosols. Additionally,\nwe extended the compendial characterization by testing the effect of different nasal prong types\non the estimated lung dose using a realistic Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) circuit\nthat included a cast of the upper airways of a preterm neonate. The compendial characterization\nof surfactant aerosols delivered through different nasal prongs achieved relatively high delivered\nsurfactant doses (in the range 63â??74% of the nominal dose), with aerodynamic characteristics\ndisplaying mass median aerodynamic diameters ranging between 2.52 and 2.81 micro m. Nevertheless,\nwhen using a representative in vitro setup mimicking NIV in a clinical setting, significant differences\nwere observed in terms of the estimated lung dose accounting for up to two-fold differences (from\n10% to 20% estimated lung deposition of the nominal dose) depending on the chosen nasal prong type.\nConsidering that surfactant lung deposition rates are correlated with therapeutic efficacy, this study\npoints out the relevance of choosing the appropriate NIV interface to maximize the lung dose of\nnebulized medications....
The treatment of type II DM involves the use of combination of drugs, especially at the chronic stage. However, the pill burden of\nthis combination therapy combined with swallowing difficulties, occurring at a later stage of DM, has been the major challenge for\nsuccessful treatment outcomes. This study was aimed at formulating and optimizing a monolithic fixed-dose combination (FDC)\nof metformin (MET) and glibenclamide (GLB) orodispersible tablets (ODTs) to overcome both the pill burden and swallowing\nproblems. The FDC ODTs were prepared by the melt granulation technique using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 as a binding\nagent and crospovidone as a superdisintegrant. In the preliminary study, the effects of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), PEG 6000,\ncrospovidone, and compression force on friability, disintegration time, and drug release of tablets were investigated. The FT-IR\nstudies showed that there were no incompatibilities between METand GLB as well as within excipients. The preliminary studies\nrevealed that PEG 6000 and compression force significantly affect both the friability and the disintegration time, while SLS and\ncrospovidone only affect the disintegration time. Therefore, the effects of PEG 6000, crospovidone, and compression force were\nfurther studied and optimized using the central composite design. Accordingly, the most desirable optimal values were obtained at\n3.82% of PEG 6000, 9.83% of crospovidone, and 10.6 kN compression force having a friability of 0.302% and a disintegration time\nof 18.7 seconds. From these results, it can be concluded that a monolithic FDC of MET and GLB ODTs having adequate\nmechanical strength and faster disintegration time was successfully formulated...
Abstract: We aimed to quantify Soft Mist Inhalers (SMI) delivery to spontaneous breathing model\nand compare with different adapters via endotracheal tube during mechanical ventilation or by\nmanual resuscitation. A tiotropium SMI was used with a commercial in-line adapter and a T-adapter\nplaced between the Y-adapter and the inspiratory limb of the ventilator circuit during mechanical\nventilation. The SMI was actuated at the beginning of inspiration and expiration. In separate\nexperiments, a manual resuscitator with T-adapter was attached to endotracheal tube, collecting\nfilter, and a passive test lung. Drug was eluted from collecting filters with salt-based solvent and\nanalyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results showed the percent of SMI label\ndose inhaled was 3-fold higher with the commercial in-line adapter with actuation during expiration\nthan when synchronized with inspiration. SMI with T-adapter delivery via ventilator was similar\nto inhalation (1.20%) or exhalation (1.02%), and both had lower delivery dose than with manual\nresuscitator (2.80%; p = 0.01). The inhaled dose via endotracheal tube was much lower than inhaled\ndose with spontaneous breathing (22.08%). In conclusion, the inhaled dose with the commercial\nadapter was higher with SMI actuated during expiration, but still far less than reported spontaneous\ninhaled dose....
Abstract: Meloxicam (MLX) is widely applied as a therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however,\nit takes far too long to reach its peak plasma concentration for a quick onset effect, and gastrointestinal\ntoxicity has been observed in RA patients taking it. To solve these problems, we designed MLX\nsolid nanoparticles (MLX-NPs) by the bead mill method and used them to prepare new oral\nformulations. The particle size of the MLX-NPs was approximately 20-180 nm, and they remained\nin the nano-size range for 1 month. The tmax of MLX-NPs was shorter than that of traditional\nMLX dispersions (MLX-TDs), and the intestinal penetration of MLX-NPs was significantly higher in\ncomparison with MLX-TDs (P < 0.05). Caveolae-dependent endocytosis (CavME), clathrin-dependent\nendocytosis (CME), and micropinocytosis (MP) were found to be related to the high intestinal\npenetration of MLX-NPs. The area under the plasma MLX concentration-time curve (AUC) for\nMLX-NPs was 5-fold higher than that for MLX-TDs..........................
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